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Benefits
Of Exercise
Heart
Failure:
Traditionally,
heart failure patients have been discouraged from exercising. Now,
exercise is proving to be helpful for many of these patients and,
when performed under medical supervision, does not pose a risk for
a heart attack. In one study, patients between the ages of 61 and
91 increased their oxygen consumption by 20% after six months by
engaging in supervised treadmill and stationary bicycle exercises.
Performing daily hand grip exercises may improve blood flow through
the arteries of patients with heart failure.
Diabetes:
Is
reaching epidemic proportions throughout the world as more and more
cultures adopt Western dietary habits. Aerobic exercise is proving
to have significant and particular benefits for people with both
type 1 and type 2 diabetes; it increases sensitivity to insulin,
lowers blood pressure, improves cholesterol levels, and decreases
body fat.
Regular exercise, even of moderate intensity, improves insulin sensitivity.
In fact, studies of older people who engage in regular, moderate,
aerobic exercise (e.g., brisk walking, biking) lower their risk
for diabetes even if they don't lose weight. Anyone on insulin or
who has complications from diabetes must take special precautions
before embarking on a workout program.
Osteoporosis:
Exercise
is very important for slowing the progression of osteoporosis. Women
should begin exercising before adolescence, since bone mass increases
during puberty and reaches its peak between ages 20 and 30. Weight
bearing exercise, which applies tension to muscle and bone, encourages
the body to compensate for the added stress by increasing bone density
by as much as 2% to 8% a year.
High-impact weight-bearing exercises, such as step aerobics, are
very protective for premenopausal women. These exercises, however,
increase the risk for osteoporotic fractures in elderly patients,
who would benefit most from regular, brisk, long walks. Even moderate
exercise (as little as an hour a week) helps reduce the risk for
fracture, but everyone who is in good health should aim for more.
Careful
weight training is beneficial as well for older women. Low-impact
exercises that improve balance and strength, particularly yoga and
T'ai Chi, have been found to decrease the risk of falling; in one
study, T'ai Chi reduced the risk by almost half.
Lung
Disease:
Although
exercise does not improve lung function (except for intense, regular
aerobic exercise), training helps some patients with chronic lung
disease by strengthening their limb muscles, thus improving endurance
and reducing breathlessness.
Cancer:
A
number of studies have indicated that regular, even moderate, exercise
reduces the risk of colon cancer. Strenuous activity, in fact, adds
only slight or no additional benefit. Moderate exercise may also
help reduce the risk for prostate cancer and possibly for breast
cancer. A recent study of 100,000 nurses, however, suggested that
the benefits of exercise on breast health may be greater or lesser
at different times in a woman's life, depending on her menstrual
status and estrogen levels. For example, the study found no added
protection against from exercise in young adulthood (when the disease
is uncommon in any case).
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